How to Play Dominoes: A Complete Guide for Beginners
Dominoes is a game that has been enjoyed by people around the world for centuries. It is a simple, yet challenging game that can be played by people of all ages and skill levels. But what is dominoes and how do you play it? What are the different types of dominoes games and how do they differ from each other? What are the benefits of playing dominoes and why should you try it? In this article, we will answer these questions and more. We will explain the basics of dominoes, the history of the game, the benefits of playing dominoes, and some of the most popular dominoes games that you can try.
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What is Dominoes and How to Play It
Dominoes is a game that is played with rectangular tiles that have two square ends. Each end is marked with a number of dots or pips from zero to six. The tiles are also called pieces, bones, stones, or cards. A standard set of dominoes consists of 28 tiles that show all possible combinations of two numbers from zero to six. For example, there is one tile with zero pips on both ends (0-0), one tile with one pip on both ends (1-1), one tile with two pips on both ends (2-2), and so on. There are also larger sets that have more tiles with higher numbers.
The basic idea of playing dominoes is to match the tiles by their numbers. The game starts with one player placing a tile on the table. Then, each player takes turns to place a tile next to an existing tile on the table. The tile must have a matching number on one end with an open end on the table. For example, if there is a tile with 3-5 on the table, you can place a tile with 3-6 or 5-4 next to it. You can also place a tile at right angles to create a branch or a fork in the layout. The layout or tableau is the arrangement of tiles on the table.
The objective and scoring of dominoes games vary depending on the type of game being played. Some games are blocking games, where the goal is to get rid of all your tiles or have the fewest tiles left in your hand when no more moves are possible. Some games are scoring games, where you can score points during the game by creating certain patterns or totals with your tiles. Some games are trick-taking games, where you compete with other players to win tricks or rounds by playing higher tiles than your opponents. Some games are round games, where you play several rounds until one player reaches a certain score.</p History of Dominoes
The origin and evolution of dominoes is not very clear, but it is believed that the game was invented in China in the 13th century. The earliest known reference to dominoes is from a Chinese text called Former Events in Wulin by Zhou Mi (12321298). The Chinese dominoes were based on the 21 possible combinations of two dice, and also included 11 duplicate tiles, making a total of 32 tiles in a set.
The game spread to Europe in the 18th century, probably through Italian missionaries who brought it from China. The European dominoes were different from the Chinese ones, as they did not have duplicates and added seven more tiles with blanks, making a total of 28 tiles in a set. The name "domino" may have come from the resemblance of the tiles to a kind of hooded cloak worn by Venetian priests during the carnival.
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Dominoes became popular in many countries, especially in France, where it was played in coffee houses and salons. Dominoes also had cultural and social significance, as they were sometimes used for divination, gambling, or political symbolism. For example, in China, dominoes were associated with bone throwing, a form of fortune telling. In the African diaspora, dominoes were used as a way of preserving and expressing African culture and identity.
Benefits of Playing Dominoes
Playing dominoes is not only fun, but also beneficial for your health and well-being. Here are some of the benefits of playing dominoes:
Improves cognitive function: Playing dominoes can help improve your memory, concentration, problem-solving skills, and strategic thinking. It can also help prevent or delay cognitive decline that comes with aging. This is because playing dominoes challenges your brain to process information, make decisions, and plan ahead.
Increases social interaction: Playing dominoes is a social game that can help you connect with other people and improve your social skills. It can also reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation that can affect your mental health. Playing dominoes with your family or friends can strengthen your relationships and create positive memories.
Reduces stress: Playing dominoes can be a relaxing and enjoyable activity that can help you cope with stress and improve your mood. It can also release endorphins, which are natural chemicals that make you feel happy and calm. Playing dominoes can also distract you from negative thoughts and emotions that can cause anxiety or depression.
Improves hand-eye coordination: Playing dominoes requires you to place tiles on the table in a precise manner, which can help improve your hand-eye coordination. This is especially important for older adults, who may lose fine motor skills as they age. Improving your hand-eye coordination can also help you perform other tasks that require dexterity and accuracy.
Increases physical activity: Playing dominoes may not seem like a physical activity, but it does require you to sit at a table and move your arms and hands, which can help increase your physical activity levels. Physical activity is essential for your overall health, as it can help prevent or manage various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and osteoporosis. Physical activity can also boost your energy, stamina, and immune system.
Popular Dominoes Games
There are many different types of dominoes games that you can play, each with its own rules and variations. Here are some of the main categories of dominoes games and some examples of the most popular games in each category:
Blocking Games
Blocking games are the simplest and most common type of dominoes games. The goal is to get rid of all your tiles or have the fewest tiles left in your hand when no more moves are possible. The game ends when one player runs out of tiles or when the layout is blocked and no one can play. The player with the fewest pips on their remaining tiles wins the game. Some examples of blocking games are:
Block Game: This is the basic game that is played with a standard set of 28 tiles. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of the game. The first player places any tile on the table, and then each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a player cannot play, they must pass their turn. The game ends when one player runs out of tiles or when both ends of the layout have the same number and no one can play.
Draw Game: This is a variation of the block game that allows players to draw extra tiles from the boneyard (the pile of unused tiles) if they cannot play. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of the game, and then the first player places any tile on the table. Then, each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a player cannot play, they must draw one tile from the boneyard and try to play it. If they still cannot play, they must pass their turn. The game ends when one player runs out of tiles or when both ends of the layout have the same number and no one can play.
Chickenfoot: This is a variation of the draw game that requires players to form a chickenfoot (a shape with three tiles branching out from a central tile) whenever a double (a tile with the same number on both ends) is played. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of the game, and then the first player places any tile on the table. Then, each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a double is played, the next three players must play a matching tile on one of the open ends of the double, forming a chickenfoot. No other tiles can be played until the chickenfoot is complete. If a player cannot play, they must draw one tile from the boneyard and try to play it. If they still cannot play, they must pass their turn. The game ends when one player runs out of tiles or when both ends of the layout have the same number and no one can play.
Scoring Games
Scoring games are dominoes games that allow players to score points during the game by creating certain patterns or totals with their tiles. The game usually consists of several rounds or hands, and the player with the highest total score at the end wins. Some examples of scoring games are:
Muggins (All Fives): This is a variation of the draw game that awards points to players who make the ends of the layout add up to a multiple of five. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of each round, and then the first player places any tile on the table. Then, each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a player makes the ends add up to a multiple of five, they score that number of points. For example, if a player plays a 2-3 tile next to a 4-5 tile, making 5-5 on both ends, they score 10 points. If a player cannot play, they must draw one tile from the boneyard and try to play it. If they still cannot play, they must pass their turn. The round ends when one player runs out of tiles or when both ends of the layout have the same number and no one can play. The remaining tiles in each player's hand are counted as negative points and subtracted from their score.
Texas 42: This is a trick-taking game that is played with four players in two teams. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of each round, and then the first player bids on how many tricks they think they can win with their tiles. The bid must be at least four, and the highest bidder becomes the leader. The leader then chooses one of the four suits (blanks, ones, twos, or threes) as the trump suit for the round. The trump suit tiles are ranked from highest to lowest as follows: double, 6-5, 5-4, 4-3, 3-2, 2-1, 1-0. The other suits are ranked from highest to lowest as follows: double, 6-0, 5-0, 4-0, 3-0, 2-0. The leader then plays any tile on the table, and then each player takes turns to play a matching tile on the same suit. If a player does not have a matching tile, they can play any tile. The player who plays the highest tile of the suit or the highest trump tile wins the trick and leads the next trick. The round ends when all seven tricks are played. The team that wins the bid scores one point for each trick they win, plus a bonus of seven points if they win all seven tricks. The team that loses the bid scores one point for each trick they win, but loses five points if they win no tricks. If the team that wins the bid fails to win the number of tricks they bid, they lose 10 points plus their bid.
Matador: This is a variation of the muggins game that awards points to players who play tiles that are not multiples of five but have a difference of five with the ends of the layout. For example, if a player plays a 1-4 tile next to a 6-6 tile, making 1-6 on both ends, they score five points because 6 - 1 = 5. This is called a matador or a bullfighter. The other rules are the same as in muggins.
Trick-Taking Games
Trick-taking games are dominoes games that are similar to card games like bridge or spades. The goal is to win tricks or rounds by playing higher tiles than your opponents. The game usually consists of several rounds or hands, and the player or team with the highest total score at the end wins. Some examples of trick-taking games are:
Moon: This is a trick-taking game that is played with four players in two teams. Each player draws seven tiles at the start of each round, and then the first player leads any tile on the table. Then, each player takes turns to play a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a player does not have a matching tile, they can play any tile. The player who plays the highest double or the highest tile of the suit wins the trick and leads the next trick. The round ends when all seven tricks are played. The team that wins more tricks than their opponents scores one point for each trick they win over their opponents. For example, if one team wins four tricks and the other team wins three tricks, the first team scores one point. If one team wins all seven tricks, they score four points and this is called a moon.
Spinner: This is a variation of moon that uses a special set of dominoes with numbers from zero to nine instead of zero to six. The set has 55 tiles instead of 28 tiles. The game also introduces a special tile called the spinner (9-9), which can be played on any end of the layout and can be matched with any suit. The spinner also doubles as a wild card and can be used to represent any number when scoring.
Round Games
Round games are dominoes games that are played in several rounds until one player or team reaches a certain score. Each round has different rules and objectives that change depending on the number of rounds played. Some examples of round games are:
Basic Train Game: This is a round game that is played with four players in two teams. Each player draws 15 tiles at the start of each round, and then the first player places any tile on the table. This tile is called the engine and determines the suit for the round. Then, each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout. If a player cannot play, they must pass their turn. The round ends when one player runs out of tiles or when no one can play. The player or team with the fewest pips on their remaining tiles wins the round and scores that number of points. The game continues with a new round, where the next player chooses a new engine. The game ends when one player or team reaches 100 points or more.
Mexican Train: This is a variation of the basic train game that allows players to create their own personal trains or branches from the engine. Each player draws 15 tiles at the start of each round, and then the first player places any tile on the table. This tile is called the engine and determines the suit for the round. Then, each player takes turns to place a matching tile on either end of the layout or on their own personal train. If a player cannot play, they must draw one tile from the boneyard and try to play it. If they still cannot play, they must place a marker on their personal train to indicate that it is open for other players to play on. A player can remove their marker by playing on their own train again. The round ends when one player runs out of tiles or when no one can play. The player or team with the fewest pips on their remaining tiles wins the round and scores that number of points. The game continues with a new round, where the next player chooses a new engine. The game ends when one player or team reaches 100 points or more.
Conclusion
Dominoes is a game that has a long and rich history, and offers many benefits for your mind and body. It is also a game that has many variations and possibilities, so you can always find a game that suits your preferences and skill level. Whether you want to play a simple blocking game, a challenging scoring game, a competitive trick-taking game, or a fun round game, dominoes has something for everyone. So why not give dominoes a try and see for yourself how much fun it can be? You might be surprised by how much you enjoy it and how much you learn from it.
If you want to learn more about dominoes, you can check out some of these resources:
[Domino Rules]: A website that provides rules and tips for various dominoes games.
[Domino-Games.com]: A website that offers information and advice on dominoes games, history, culture, and equipment.
[Domino World]: A website that features news, events, articles, videos, and forums related to dominoes.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about dominoes:
How many tiles are in a standard set of dominoes?
A standard set of dominoes consists of 28 tiles that show all possible combinations of two numbers from zero to six.
What are the names of the different suits in dominoes?
The different suits in dominoes are named after the numbers on the tiles: blanks (0), ones (1), twos (2), threes (3), fours (4), fives (5), and sixes (6).
What is the difference between a double and a singleton in dominoes?
A double is a tile that has the same number on both ends, such as 4-4 or 6-6. A singleton is a tile that has different numbers on both ends, such as 3-5 or 1-4.
What is the highest double in dominoes?
The highest double in dominoes is 6-6, which is also called double-six or simply six.
What is the lowest double in dominoes?
The lowest double in dominoes is 0-0, which is also called double-blank or simply blank.
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